Karl Marx s Theory Of The Classical Era - 1699 Words

Karl Marx’s Ideas on Sociological Theory in the Classical Era Karl Marx was a philosopher, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. Born in 1818 in Prussia, part of the German Confederation. He later became jobless and was forced to move to London, England where he spent the rest of his life writing. Marx had many ideas that created radical people in several countries and ideas that cause many opinions to flourish about capitalism and democracy. Marx’s specific theories about society and their leaders are better known under the term called Marxism. Marxism is a way that Karl Marx analyzed and critiqued capitalism where he believed societies progressed through class struggle. Where there was this conflict between the proletariat and the†¦show more content†¦His plans were to graduate from college and then follow in his father’s steps and get his law degree and then being a professional in philosophy because he loved to write even for journals or newspapers, anywhere where people could read his thoughts. Because of Marxâ₠¬â„¢s radical ideas about government his own Prussian government did not except him. He became an outsider in his country and a critic of the revolution. He was not a revolutionary rather than teacher of revolutions. He was more of a talker than a doer. After graduating from the University of Berlin in 1836 Marx wrote a local newspaper. The newspaper was called â€Å"Rheninische Zeitung† and his excerpts in the newspaper started to give him lots of attention throughout the world. Eventually the government shut down his newspaper in 1843 and after that Karl Marx was a free-lance writer. He wrote a lot about the society throughout Europe and early Germany at the time and had his own new idea for a government that should take place. A government where there was one leader over everyone and everyone else would be treated equal. It sounds simple on paper but when in the real world it fails miserably. The revolutions of 1848 were a series of revolutions that over through many exist ing governments in Europe. Initially the revolutions were democratic and were meant to overthrow the existing feudal structure. Karl Marx and his friend Friedrich Engles published their book, The Communist

Should Marijuana Be Legal Essay - 1263 Words

Medical Marijuana In this country, there are parents of sick children driving across state lines, breaking state and federal law by transporting medical marijuana. The drug is legal in several states for personal use, and 23 states for medical use. This does not change the fact that it is still a federally illegal drug under the Federal controlled substances act. There are stiffer penalties for being caught with even a small amount of marijuana, than those given to murderers and rapists. The federal government has the right to come into your home and arrest you for an ounce of marijuana, even for medical use. A first offence possession charge, for any amount of the drug is a $1,000 fine and 1 year in prison. Cultivation of the plant, even for personal use will give you 5 years in prison and a $250,000 fine. It has been viewed by some to be a wonder drug. And yet it remains misunderstood and vilified. Marijuana has been touted as being 100 times safer than alcohol, which is legal. Per the CDC, excessive alcohol use led to approximately 88,000 deaths each year in the United States from 2006 – 2010, shortening the lives of those who died by an average of 30 years. From 1999 to 2014, more than 165,000 people have died in the U.S. from overdoses related to prescription opioids. Marijuana related deaths are much lower. Trauma from vehicle accidents or other trauma is the prime cause of marijuana related deaths. The long-term effects have not been studied. Unlike other newShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legal?1609 Words   |  7 PagesMs. Fingarson English 11 March 9th, 2017 Junior Research Paper: Marijuana Should Be Legal. According to world recognized American Scientist Carl Sagan â€Å"the illegality of cannabis is outrageous, an impediment to full utilization of a drug which helps produce the serenity and insights , sensitivity and fellowship so desperately needed in this increasingly mad and dangerous world†. These are just some of the benefits of Marijuana along with many others. All you have been taught about cannabis inRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1060 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Marijuana Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United Sstates (Wagner).. Marijuana is commonly used becauseThis it is because marijuana is easy to get and doesn’t have the visibly dangerous effects that other drugs like cocaine and heroine have. However,But does that mean marijuana is harmless to the human body? There are some people and studies that believe it is harmlessso. Sanjay Gupta, MD, Chief Medical Correspondent for CNN, wrote the following: â€Å"Frequent marijuana useRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?986 Words   |  4 Pages smoking pot in California, is legal. On Tuesday, November 8, 2016, California became the fifth state to legalize the recreational use of pot. By a margin of about 56% to 44%, voters passed Proposition 64. With its passing, California is now among states like Colorado, Washington, Oregon and Alaska who have also legalized marijuana. â€Å"Marijuana could become quite the cash crop† said Richard McGowan, a professor at Boston College and expert in the field of marijuana legalization. While many peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1230 Words   |  5 PagesCannabis Can The marijuana movement is more prevalent now than ever. Just recently, two other states have joined Colorado and Washington in the legalization of the recreational use of marijuana. On the other hand, the state of Florida did not pass the bill to approve medical marijuana. Although more and more states have begun to see the benefits in legalizing marijuana, many states maintain the view that smoking marijuana is criminal despite the many advantages it poses. Marijuana offers medical andRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?997 Words   |  4 Pagesof the topics; write a thesis statement and complete the introduction 1. Marijuana should be legal, because it is harmless, and it is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases. - Marijuana should be legal due to its variety of health benefits - Marijuana is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases - Marijuana legalization would help boost the economy Thesis Statement: Why shouldn’t marijuana be legal due to its variety of health benefits, its effectiveness for combating manyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?864 Words   |  4 PagesCannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or medicine. Marijuana smoking remains the most prevalent form of illicit drug use in the United States and has even been legalized medicinally in twenty-four states. Four of these states, including Colorado and Washington, have legalized marijuana for recreational use. This means that it is treated like a controlled substance, like alcohol or tobacco, and anyone theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1630 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana has been a hot topic of conversation over the last few years, as some states in America have legalized it medically and recreationally. By discussing the legal aspect of marijuana, the economic benefits, medical usage and how marij uana affects the family, we can see the positive and negative impact that marijuana has on sociology. Except for a few select states, marijuana usage, sale and distribution of marijuana is in some manner illegal. As a result, there is immense legal considerationsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1610 Words   |  7 PagesSince the very first day marijuana began dominating our country over 30 years ago, federal control of the drug has been the topic of an continuing arguments. Marijuana is a crushed up blend of dried out herbs, seeds and stems of the plant cannabis. Most people inhale it in the shape of cigarettes for pleasure and relief. Should marijuana be made legal? Advocates of the drug argue that there are multiple medical advantages and that tobacco and alcohol are far more harmful for us than the drug itselfRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is safer than tobacco and alcohol, more beneficial and healthier too. Marijuana, unlike tobacco and alcohol, never causes serious illnesses like cancers of the lungs, throat, and mouth, cirrhos is, dementia, or anything else. In actuality, medical marijuana is used to treat cancer cells. â€Å"The earliest use of cannabis as a medicine is attributed to the legendary Chinese Emperor Shen Nung, who is thought to have lived around 2700 BC.. Cannabis sativa is thought to have been grown for at leastRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesShould Marijuana Be Legal? In order to start a discussion about whether marijuana should be legal, we must first begin with the history of marijuana. How long has marijuana been around? The earliest recorded use of marijuana is from the island of Taiwan off the coast of mainland china over 10,000 years ago in the Stone Age (Marijuana, 2014). They wove their clothes and made their shoes from hemp. The first paper was made from a combination of crushed hemp fibers and mulberry tree bark. This

Opera Music Free Essays

Listening to an opera is one of the most interesting classical music performances you could see live. This 90 minute opera I seen was played on Tuesday, November 13, 2012 and performed at 8 p. m. We will write a custom essay sample on Opera Music or any similar topic only for you Order Now The name play was Wozzeck by Alben Burg and performed by the Philharmonic Ocrhestra. At the opera the person who was suppose to be the doctor was ill so Kevin Beurdette took Tijil Faveyls place. The people that attended the concert varied, some people were older and other people were young. The type of class of people that showed up to this concert was not specifically seen because most of the people that did show where dressed formal-casual. This concert had no special occasion to it but besides the fact that it was a mandatory class meeting at the Disney Concert Hall. The opera had a full orchestra. During this opera performance none of the actors had costumes on nor was the stage set up for an acting show. The scenes performed were all up to the actors; they memorized the play and then improvised their acting on set. The Doctor acted by Burdette had to really improvise his part. Every time he came out in a scene he carried the script with him out on stage. This opera was in German and there were surr-titles instead of subtitles. The audience laughed during the opera and they were to have a sense of relationship with play. Since it was a play the audience only applauded when the opera was over. The play Wozzeck was a play that not finished by Georg Buchner and Alban Berg finished his play. This play is set back in World War I. It is a story about soldier â€Å"Wozzeck† who is in love with a prostitute and she is the mother of his son. Wozzeck is not able to meet her needs financially, so he takes part in the doctor’s experiment. The experiments start to make him hallucinate and hear thing. On the mean while his wife is having an affair with a drum major and plans to be with him. Wozzeck becomes suspicious of her and then doctor and captain tempt Wozzeck to do something about. He then starts to have crazy visions of her and the drummer. So he sets forth on killing her and then he himself drowning because he wants to hide the knife far into the water so no one could find it. This tragic play is composed by Esa-Pekka Salonen at the Disney Concert Hall. It is a 3 part play that is roughly 90 minutes long. Salonen has been with the Los Angeles Philharmonic Music Director from 1992 until 2009. The play has an orchestra of fifty people and off set orchestra which was the UC Berkley chamber chorus that played outside in order to set the mood of an illusion. The characters Marie and Wozzeck had solo’s, during the play each character sang in tune of the music the texture of this play is homophonic and polyphonic. Besides about the fact that two main characters had solo’s there was a group of children that came out to sing. ZacharyMimis the child of Marie had a small solo at the end of the play. The tempo in Wozzeck fluctuated as some scenes where nerve racking or some were distressing. During the play dynamic contrast was played in tune with the tempo. All abruptly the 2 bassoons would play really fast and loud and other times play really slow. The music in the play was secular and not scared music. The opera Wozzeck was a great performance; I did not go in with high hopes only because what my view of an opera was not for it. Whenever I think of an opera I think of some fat ladies wearing a Viking helmet and looking like fighters. This opera was a little different because each actor had a distinctive personality that was vividly seen. The captain was a crazy character, his acting placed him as one of my favorites. His interacting with Wozzeck because he would make fun of Wozzeck for being a crazy loon and poor. One thing that I noticed about the music was that sometimes when a character would sing they would not be in tune with music but then end it in tune. The music had intensive moments that surprised me with excitement. The play was also funny because of the word choice used in order to make fun of a character. Coming to this opera was a new experience I enjoyed the performance I could not sit still because I was getting tired of sitting. The seat that I sat in was one of the best seats that I have had there. The sound quality that was produced was great and you could see all of what the characters where doing. Although it was a bit distracting to be looking up at the surr-scripts it was an experience I will not forget. I am definitely glad I had the chance to see an opera like this. How to cite Opera Music, Papers

Written Activity in Australian Competition †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Written Activity in Australian Competition. Answer: Regulatory Bodies in Australia Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC): Some of the regulatory bodies operating in Australia include the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC). The responsibility to administer the provisions of Competition and Consumer Act, 2010 has been provided to the ACCC. This legislation also incorporated the Australian Consumer Law. In this way, it can be said that the objective of this legislation is to promote competition and along with the similar legislative provisions that have been enforced by State and Territory legislation, to promote fair trading and to ensure the protection of the consumers. All these have become the responsibilities of the ACCC. This legislation also deals with anti-competitive and unfair market practices, acquisitions and mergers by the companies, product liability and product safety as well as the access of third party to the facilities that have been national significance. Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC): The second regulatory authority that is a part of this written activity is the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). The ASIC can be described as the sole regulator in case of registered companies in Australia. It is among the three bodies of the federal government that have the responsibility to regulate financial services. The provisions of the Corporations Act, 2001 are administered by the ASIC. This legislation provides the law that regulates the incorporated, management and operations of the companies in Australia. In this way, the main responsibility of the ASIC is to regulate the conduct of companies in Australia. At the same time, the ASIC also have the responsibility to support the integrity and to maintain fairness in the affairs of the company and financial markets. Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA): The reserve Bank of Australia is a statutory body that performs the central banking functions in Australia. RBA is wholly owned by the Federal Government of Australia. The two broad areas of the responsibility of the RBA can be described as monetary policy and ensuring financial stability. The monetary policy of the RBA is basically aimed at maintaining inflation rates at the level that is most conducive for sustainable growth. In the same way, the aim of the financial stability policy is to prevent excessive risk in the financial system and also to limit the impact of financial disturbances, if any. While fulfilling this room, the Reserve Bank is also particularly responsible to maintain the efficiency of payment system. Outline the basic principles of the law of torts, including that relating to negligence and to negligent misstatements. A tort can be described as a wrongful act or omission due to which the other party gets a right to bring action in a civil court against the party that was responsible for the wrongful act (Gardiner and McGlone, 1998). In this context, negligence can be described as the failure of a party to take reasonable care or the steps that are necessary to prevent causing loss of injury to the other person (Deakin, Johnston and Markesinis, 2003). The four basic elements that should be present in order to establish the negligence of the other party can be described as follows. First of all, there should be a duty of care present on part of the party. Hence it is necessary to establish that such party had a duty of care towards the other. The next element is that the duty of care should be breached by such party. Therefore the party that owes a duty of care, towards the other, should be such duty. As a result of this breach, loss or injury should be caused to the other party. Such breach should be the direct cause of the loss or injury (Kujinga, 2009). In this regard, a negligent misstatement can be described as an inaccurate statement that has been made honestly, but carelessly. Generally, such statement is made in the form of advice that is given by a party having special knowledge or skill to the other party (McDonald, 2005). Therefore the elements that need to be established in such a case include the following:- Element of Fault: It needs to be established in the court that a tort has been committed by one party, either intentionally or negligently. Actual damage: It is also the responsibility of the claimant to establish that actual loss or injury has been suffered due to the negligence of the other party. Remedy: The purpose of thelaw of tort is to compensate the victims instead of punishing the wrongdoers. Hence, the court tries to put the victim in the same place in which the victim would have been if the wrongful act did not took place. References David Gardiner and Frances McGlone, (1998) Outline of Torts (2nd ed,), Butterworths Deakin, S., Johnston A and Markesinis B (2003) Markesinis and Deakin's Tort Law, Oxford University Press Kujinga, Benjamin (2009). "Reasonable Care And Skill The Modern Scope Of The Auditor's Duty". GAA Accounting McDonald, Barbara (2005) "Legislative Intervention in the Law of Negligence: The Common Law, Statutory Interpretation and Tort Reform in Australia". SydneyLaw Review. 27 (3)

Riordan Manufacturing Case Study

The performance of Riordan Manufacturing greatly depends on its ability to plan the capacity of production and effectiveness of its supply chain. Its facilities are located in San Jose, Albrany Georgia, and Hangzhou; moreover, this organization has to cooperate with a variety of venders. The Chinese division of the company produces electric fans that can be purchased by clients from different countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan Manufacturing: specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to achieve growth and reduce operational costs, the management of the company should rely on the principles of lean production, in particular the need to decrease the level of inventory and optimize the process of manufacturing. Moreover, Riordan Manufacturing should focus on the time-efficiency of its operations and effective capacity planning. By acting in this way, they can improve their performance. First of all, t he company can estimate the demand for its product and plan its capacity on the basis of sales data collected within the span of several years. Moreover, this organization can obtain information from customers regarding their annual need for fans manufactured by Riordan. Nevertheless, the company also has to determine its demand for materials. Their major task is to keep the levels of inventory low while avoiding undersupply of stocks. This issue is particularly important because Riordan has to meet the timelines set by customers. It should be noted that Riordan requires various materials, but plastic polymers are probably the most important ones. One of the strategies that Riordan can adopt is VMI or Vendor Managed Inventory. This model implies that the supplier takes full responsibility for the timely delivery of plastic polymers. This approach can be successful, in those cases when manufacturers implement information systems that provide the suppliers with the information about t he quantity of materials that they should deliver. If this strategy is successfully adopted, Riordan decrease the amount of materials stored at their facilities and avoid delays. However, low levels of inventory are only one aspect that they should focus on. Secondly, lean production implies that the company can reduce the amount of time to manufacture and delivery the products to the customer. It should be noted that Riordan cooperates with a global courier FedEx and a local Chinese company. They deliver the fans manufactured by Riordan Manufacturing to clients.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The task of the company is to monitor the performance of these delivery companies, especially their ability to adhere to the schedules set by the clients of Riordan. This is another precaution that they should take. In this way, the management of Riordan Manufacturing can gain the loy alty of their customers who rely on the efficiency of the company. Additionally, the managers of Riordan should look at the steps that are necessary to manufacture a fan. People, who design the process of production, should reduce the movement of workers and equipment across manufacturing facility. The elimination of unnecessary procedures is another element of effective production, because it enables company to cut operational costs and improve time-efficiency. This is another step that should be taken. So, Riordan Manufacturing should focus on the following aspects as inventory management, effective work of supply chain, and production processes. These elements are critical for reducing the cost of manufacturing and time-efficiency of the company. The strategies described in the paper will help Riordan Manufacturing become more effective in terms of their organizational performance. This essay on Riordan Manufacturing: was written and submitted by user Brooke C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Yellow Wallpaper Questions for Study and Discussion

The Yellow Wallpaper Questions for Study and Discussion The Yellow Wallpaper Questions for Study and Discussion: The Yellow Wallpaper is the most famous work by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. She also wrote about why she created this short work in Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper .Students often are asked to read this story in  Literature classesthe description is compelling, and the storyline is unforgettable. Here are a few questions for study and discussion related to this famous work. What is important about the title, The Yellow Wallpaper?Could the wallpaper have been any other color? How would a change in color have changed the story? How does the color yellow affect you? Do you like (or dislike) it? What are the psychological implications of the color yellow? How would a different color change the story?How does the narrators description of the wallpaper change over time? How is the wallpaper representative of the domestic sphere?Could the story have taken place in a different place (or at a different time)? Why does the narrator live in a colonial mansion? What does the setting mean? Is it important?Why does Charlotte Perkins Gilman change the point of view? Is it an effective technique?Why does the narrator say: what can one do How does that statement represent her state of mind?Why do you think Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper? Historically, the story was based on personal experience (autobiographical)how effectively does Gilman employ the events of her life to create this work of literature? What are the conflicts in The Yellow Wallpaper? What types of conflict (physical, moral, intellectual, or emotional) did you notice? Is the conflict resolved?How does Charlotte Perkins Gilman reveal character in The Yellow Wallpaper?Do you care about the characters? Do you like (or dislike) them? How real (or well-developed) do they seem to you?What are some themes in The Yellow Wallpaper? Symbols? How do they relate to the plot and characters?Does The Yellow Wallpaper end the way you expected? Did you expect a longer (or more involved narrative)? How? Why?What is the central/primary purpose of The Yellow Wallpaper? Is the purpose important or meaningful?What is the role of women in the text? How are mothers represented? What about single/independent women? What is important about womenin the historical context?How does the narrators relationship with her husband evolve/change? Does her mental state improve or worsen?Compare the main character in The Yellow Wallpaper with the mad wom an in the attic (from Jane Eyre). What does love have to do with it? What about mental illness? Compare the narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper with Edna in The Awakening. Is the narrator suicidal?Compare the narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper with Susan from Doris Lessings To Room 19. Is the narrator suicidal?Compare the narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper with the narrator from Virginia Woolfs Mrs Dalloway. Why is the party so important?Would you recommend The Yellow Wallpaper to a friend? Why? Why not?What did you enjoy (or hate) most about The Yellow Wallpaper? Why?Why is The Yellow Wallpaper sometimes considered essential reading in Feminist Literature? What are the qualities that make it representative?How does The Yellow Wallpaper fit in with the other known works of literature by Charlotte Perkins Gilman? Study Guide The Yellow Wallpaper QuotesWhy I Wrote The Yellow WallpaperCharlotte Perkins Gilman Biography

Summary Analysis essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary Analysis - Essay Example The opening sections of the article in question consist of a reflection on the need to find a suitable metaphor to describe social computing. Taking the tone of a lecturer, McLeran explains how metaphors can break old patterns of thought by linking previously unconnected items or idea together. The main linguistic strategy for encouraging new thinking is the juxtaposition of normally unrelated concepts. Exploration of the connotations of these disparate concepts then brings to light features that the two items or ideas have in common or in contrast and the process of comparison can result in striking new kinds of understanding. The register of the article is a clever mix of formal and casual. The use of letters to denote concepts taken from the fields of mathematics, as in the example â€Å"This kind of association creates syllogistic metaphors: if A is a metaphor for B and B is a metaphor for C, is not A a metaphor for C?† (McLeran p. 1). The technical term syllogistic is tak en from the fields of philosophy and logic, and its Greek etymology as well as its application in these fields indicates that the author expects his readers to keep up with his intellectual level. A more casual tone is adopted later in the article with the use of lexis such as â€Å"a couple of interesting metaphorical mappings† (McLeran p. 1). There is a grammatical error in the phrase â€Å"limit an individuals ability to progress† which suggests that the author has not proofread his own work very effectively and incidentally that the work has not been subjected to editing. This marks the piece out as more towards the informal end of the academic discourse spectrum. In terms of structure, the article is quite unusual for an academic piece. There are no traditional academic headings such as â€Å"introduction†, â€Å"literature review†, â€Å"hypothesis† etc., and there is no clear statement of methodology. The piece has headings but these are mor e like journalistic key phrase headings than academic formal structure headings. The article ends on a section announcing some â€Å"questions which arise from the metaphor† (McLeran, p 1) and this is, however rather typical of a standard academic research article. Having proposed and defined his new idea, the author considers some objections, and concludes that the idea is good and then opens up the discussion to other academics who might be interested to formulate a reply. In a chain of reasoning McLeran likens metaphors to a springboard, and then a springboard to jazz music, and from there he makes a conceptual leap to jazz, which also involves courageous departures from safe and predictable tracks to something much more freely formed and exciting. He goes too far, perhaps in defining social computing as â€Å"a kind of abstract language† (McLeran, p. 1) because it is very difficult to imagine what an abstract language actually is. An abstract language suggests some thing incomprehensible and difficult, whereas both jazz and social computing are delightfully easy to follow, with some complex attributes but many more familiar aspects. In short, therefore, the author is somewhat carried away in his elaborate definitions of social computing but he settles down on the metaphor of jazz as the answer to the professor’

Hypothetical Qualitative Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hypothetical Qualitative Study - Essay Example The main consideration is the establishment of corporate social responsibility and consumer spending patterns. In gaining this information it is first necessary, however, to determine the individuals perspectives on the level of corporate responsibility implemented by a series of organizations. In this way Apple, Starbucks, and Nike can be used. The individual will then be questioned directly on whether the lack of corporate social responsibility implemented by these organizations has impact their decision to purchase products. Another frame of questioning will use a hypothetical company, with hypothetical activities, to gain insights on purchasing patterns. A final frame of questioning will target the reasons why customer prefer one brand over another when quality and price are highly similar. The qualitative design approach has been prominently implemented in a variety of contexts. Its noted that market research constitutes one major area of application (Denzin et al. 2005, p. 34). As the information sought in this study resists empirical quantification, the qualitative mode is recognized as the most appropriate. Within this overarching framework the phenomenological approach will be implemented as this approach examines the internal thoughts and feelings of the respondents (Creswell 2003, p. 72). Finally, the research will implement semi-structured interviews as these allow for probing the interview subjects thoughts and feelings for in-depth perspectives on the linkage between purchasing patterns and a corporations ethical practices (Holliday 2007, p.

In Raymond Carver's, short stories, How does one reach enlightenment Research Paper

In Raymond Carver's, short stories, How does one reach enlightenment - Research Paper Example The purpose of this paper is to analyze how one reaches enlightenment in Raymond Carver’s short stories. Thesis of the paper can be put as enlightenment is reached through spiritual transformation of an individual who becomes capable of valuing his/her own self, others, and relationship with others. Writer’s short story Cathedral, which was published in 1983, analyses the issue of human ignorance. Cathedral belongs to literary subgenre called psychological realism. Carver’s literary device is narrator’s passing from the state of insecurity to complete openness. The main character is sure about what he does and what he needs to do. However, as the story unfolds the narrator gets enlightened with the help of a blind person. Such order of events has rather symbolic meaning. Ironically, the thesis of the paper can be sated as, in Carter’s Cathedral enlightenment is reached through blindness. This short story can be described as a journey into oneâ€℠¢s inner self or one’s enlightenment. ... Narrator’s wife and the blind man were exchanging tape recordings which they both were fond of (Carver 100). The narrator is actually the main character of the story. He is rather narrow-minded personality lacking self-confidence. He cannot communicate well with other people and feels himself as outsider. Only after meeting with the blind man, the narrator begins his inside transformation. In the process of communication with Robert the narrator discovers that there is another side of human relationships and communications. He begins to understand that openness makes both relationship and communication easier and much more valuable. The blind man place role of discoverer and his task is to discover the narrator’s hidden positive traits of character. Unlike the narrator, Robert seems to have very good relationship with narrator’s wife. Moreover, he seems to understand the woman better than her own husband. It might be because of woman’s former psychological trauma when she attempted suicide (Schuman 259). One of the turning points of the story is the narrator and the blind man’s drawing of the cathedral. After watching some historical program about the Middle Ages, Robert expresses an unusual idea to draw a cathedra together. Moreover, the narrator had to lead the drawing to make Robert better present and understand the notion of cathedral. Schuman stresses that the catharsis of the events in the story is the narrator’s spiritual transformation (Schuman 263). The reader also feels a kind of invitation to open up spiritually and to better comprehend oneself. In fact, the narrator feels some new sensation, intimacy,

Analysing the various Management Principles and Applications

Analysing the various Management Principles and Applications The need for professional management came along with large scale businesses from the industrial revolution. This is generally understood to cover the period from around 1760 to 1850 in this time there was a major economic growth. The division of labour, combined with technological advances provided the economic need for a factory system. The factory system however, brought new problems for owners managers. There are various pioneers who contributed to the development of management, these include: F.W. Taylor (1856-1915) he was known as father of scientific management, was a professional engineer. H.L. Gantt (1861- 1919) his main interest was human beings in industry he wanted to establish democratic societies in factories. Abraham Maslow was a behavioural psychologist who worked in academia and industry. He wrote various books on human relations. The first book was on Motivation and Personality set out the needs of a human being these are still hugely important factors today. Definitions of Management There is no generally accepted definition of management, however, the best definition is said to be that of Henri Fayol (1841-1925) who was a French Engineer, as even today the principles remain the same. To manage is to forecast and plan, to organise, to command, to coordinate and to control. H. Fayol (1916) Henri Fayols definition of management is based upon his initial idea that forecasting planning was about looking to the future coming up with a plan of action to allow objectives to be met. Organising was seen in structural terms while commanding was said to refer to maintaining activity amongst personnel. Coordinating is a unifying activity which effectively allows all parts of an activity to work in harmony finally controlling meant, ensuring things are done in accordance with established specifications policies etc. Henri Fayol therefore is responsible for identifying the principles of management which are listed below are further detailed in task 2 of this assignment. Forecasting Planning Organisation Command (Motivating) Controlling Co-ordinating and communicating Another definition is that of Edward Brech the last of the management pioneers. He believed that management was for the good of society and integrity was its cornerstone. He collated ideas, added his own developed training programmes textbooks Management is a social process the process consists of planning, control, coordination and motivation. EFL Brech (1957) Another definition is that of Harold Koontz Cyril ODonnell, both professors of business management at the University of California. Management is an operational process initially best dissected by analysing the managerial functions The five essential managerial functions (are): planning, organising, staffing, directing and leading and controlling. Koontz ODonnell (1984) The definitions of Brech Koontz ODonnell are based upon that of Henri Fayol however they have made some small changes, for example Henri Fayols term command is changes to motivation by Brech directing or leading by Koontz ODonnell. P2 Explain the principles and processes of management. A managers job consists of planning, organising, directing controlling a companys resources which include the workforce, equipment, finances, facilities materials etc. Management also includes the recording storing of facts information for later use or for the use of others within the organisation to assist them with their own objectives. Management is not only limited to managers supervisors as every member or employee is responsible to some extent for managing their own functions as part of their job. The main principles of management described by Fayol are as follows: Forecasting Planning Organisation Motivating Controlling Co-ordinating and communicating Within any company or organization a manager has many roles responsibilities there job requires that they have the all of these skills to fulfill the role of manager. Forecasting Forecasting is concerned with the future economics of a company or organisation. This involves decisions being made to steer the company or organisation in the right direction these decisions will be based upon forecasts by the management. These may include financial forecasts such as the annual turnover of the company the requirements of funding to allow the company to fund their projects. Forecasts may also be in relation to the companys workload therefore allowing them to forecast the required resources i.e. labour. Planning Planning involves the future co-ordination of projecting controlling of resources. Many decisions made in regarding planning will be based upon the companys forecasts as explained previously; however planning will also be done on each individual project. This involves the making of decisions which will allow the company or organisation to meet the demands of their clients ensure that the objectives of the business are met. The main objective of a typical business is to make profit, therefore each individual project will be planned organised in detail will be closely managed monitored to ensure it is moving in the right direction, thus ensuring that the clients demands are met that the businesss objectives are met. Organisation Organisation involves the arrangement of the company structure while establishing relationships resources which will allow the companys objectives to be met. Any company or organisation will require that all of their individual departments are organized appropriately to allow them to function meet their demands. A managers job will be to define each individual within their department with their own roles responsibilities while ensuring that they all meet their demands in accordance with any specifications timescales while ensuring that they are coordinated with any relevant site based activities. Motivation This is the process to improve the physiological state of morale within the workforce of a company. A companys most important asset is its personnel, therefore it could be said that the motivation of the employees is essential. The identifiable needs of an employee include: To be paid fairly to allow them a comfortable standard of living. To be treated as an individual while being recognized as a crucial part of the team. To have a reasonable sense of security in their job. To be allowed the opportunity to show their ability initiative. Having a socially acceptable job with a sense of belonging and acceptance, allowing a high self esteem. Having the opportunity to progress within the company. An employees motivational needs is what that particular employee needs are in order to help keep them happy in their job, thus allowing them to perform to the best of their ability. Many of these needs may also be more important than others which a manager should have the ability to detect fulfil, for example, an employee might feel that they should be recognised as an important member of the team as this may boost their confidence. Once their confidence is boosted their motivational needs are therefore fulfilled. There are many ways in which companys work towards meeting the motivational needs of their employees as a whole these include the introduction of bonus schemes and provision of good welfare facilities etc. Controlling Controlling refers to the continuous observation of a project to ensure that the work is carried out is continuing as it was initially planned. Should it be noticed that the project is not progressing as per planned corrective action will be taken to rectify this. Controlling is the tactical spear of the management involves checking the current achievement with pre-determined targets. Controlling may comprise of: The control of the projects overall budget. The control of monetary payments for the supply of materials services. Controlling the progress of the project. Co-ordination Coordination is crucial to ensure that each team or department involved in a project works in harmony to ensure that the project is completed with the least possible problems throughout the duration of the project. The coordination of management requires regular communication typically in the form of meetings to integrate ideas into action. Co-ordination is not only crucial between the management employees in any one company, it is crucial that there is co-ordination between all parties involved in a project. This can be difficult particularly in large scale projects where for example the Client, Architect, Quantity Surveyor, Contractor Sub-Contractors etc must all work together to ensure that the project is completed successfully. This is where good management is essential to ensure the co-ordination between all of these parties. Communication Communication is to probably the single most important element within any organisation in particular any construction project as good communication is critical as it ensures the coordination and control of individuals, groups and departments not only within one company or organisation but also within all the other parties who may be involved with a project. Communication ensures control of a companys plans and procedures that any instructions given to staff by the management are clearly understood. Poor communication can lead to ineffective control, poor coordination and inevitably management failure which will ultimately result in a failure to meet a companys objectives i.e. a loss of money. Often, communication can be hindered by simple barriers such as the use of different phrases expressions between parties. Different languages may also pose a problem in international contracts, while modern communication methods such as emails etc may be misrepresented. In the construction industry in particular there is a slight advantage as much of the communication is done by the use of detailed drawings which represent the same to each individual no matter what their language may be. P3 Explain the motivational needs of individuals and groups, leadership styles and concepts of team working. Motivation Motivation is mainly concerned with: The forces that stimulate human behaviour. The factors that channel direct this behaviour. The way in which this behaviour can be maintained or eliminated. Motivation is crucial in all workplaces regardless of the nature of work carried out. Keeping employees highly motivated is the key to a successful workplace. An employee who is happy, satisfied motivated in their job will inevitably be more productive than an employee who has little or no motivation. There have been various motivation theories but all with the same intentions. A highly motivated workforce is ultimately more productive this can help to increase labour outputs therefore decreasing costs which will in turn generate more profit for the business. Motivation not only increases the quantity of work but also the quality, therefore having a large group of highly motivated employees can have a positive effect on any business. People can be motivated in various different ways this will be dependent upon their individual needs requirements. For example, one employee may be more motivated by being given the opportunity to use their own initiative, while another employee may be more motivated by the prospect of bonus schemes. Setting work related goals is another method of motivating employees as they are more likely to be productive if they have a target to work toward whereas If a task has no target it may cause employee to feel dissatisfied therefore they will be less motivated. There have been various pioneers of management theories throughout the years. Amongst them are those by Frederick Herzberg, who believed that the key motivators were achievement, recognition, advancement and job interest. Others include John Adair, Peter Drucker, Elton Mayo Victor Vroom. As was briefly explained in task 1 of this assignment Maslow wrote a book based on human relations. In the book he wrote about the factors which drive or motivate people. Once a group or individuals needs are satisfied, then they will not be motivated by the same benefits as generally humans all ways expect more. Maslows report shows in order to achieve good results from the staff and able to complete our new proposed building successfully we would have to ensure the employees needs are catered for and their problems are being listened to. Maslow defined five orders of needs which are as follows: Physiological- The basic survival requirements of warmth, shelter and food Security- Protection from danger of threat Social- Relations with others, expressed as friendship comradeship or love Self-Respect- Sense of personal worth, respect and autonomy Self-Actualisation- Sense of achieving your full potential A more recent and modern approach was from Sheila Ritchie and Peter Martin who developed a theory in the late 1990s that began under the assumption that it was a managers task to discover what motivates their workforce. They identified twelve motivational drivers including, the human needs for interesting work, a variety in work, achievement, power, self development, creativity, influence, social contact, money and perks, structure and rules, long term relationships good working conditions. The idea was based on having a method of motivation for each employee as it was based on the belief that each individual had different motivators therefore should have their own motivators used with them. For example, if an employee has worked well achieved more when targets are set, then the manager should make the effort to ensure the employee know what was expected of them at all times. However, this method is not always going to be practical many companies simply use incentive schemes which are aimed at all employees. These may include incentives such as extra time off or bonuses in pay for exceeding their targets. Many companys also make use of team building days which are also aimed to increase motivation within the workforce. These days out can range from sporting activities to evening meals all paid for by the employer. Leadership Styles There are various different styles of leadership used in the workplace this will vary dependent upon the workforce in general, for example, if there is a mixture of non-skilled skilled workers, each of these groups may need a different style of leadership to fully motivate them gain the best from them there will of course be a difference upon individuals. The main leadership styles are defined as: Autocratic An autocratic leader can be described as one who simply issues orders to their workforce expects everyone to comply. Democratic A democratic leader manages by consultation with their workforce encourages each individual to participate, therefore developing a team approach in the workplace. There have been various studies in regards to management leadership, for example Rensis Likert (1903-1981) an American psychologist statistician conducted research on human behaviour within different types of organisation during his research he studied different styles of leadership defined four main types of management system as follows. Exploitive / Authoritative System. Decisions are imposed on employees. Employees are motivated by means of threats i.e. the loss of their job. High levels of management have great responsibility. There is no responsibility for low levels of management. Poor communication teamwork. Consultative System The leadership will have some trust in their employees. Motivation is gained by rewards by having involvement in the decision making. There is a varying level of responsibility over all levels of management. There is some communication teamwork. Participative Group System The leadership have full confidence in their employees. Motivation is gained via economic reward earned through joint targets being met. All employees feel that they have a responsibility for the companys targets. Good communication team work tales place. Benevolent / Authoritative System Leadership via master / servant trust. Motivation is gained by the provision of rewards i.e. pay increases. Levels of management have great responsibility. There is no responsibility for low levels of management. Poor communication teamwork. The style a leader adopts depends on their perception of their workers motivation for example, do workers need to be driven autocratically and motivated by wage increases or are they better motivated by being allowed to voice their opinions assist in the decision making. A leadership styles success depends on the circumstances the leader is in, for example if a leader is under pressure it may be more beneficial to use an autocratic style of leadership. How close workers are may also have an influence, for example a team of workers who have worked together for a long time may be more motivated by being involved in the making of decisions. The method of leadership adopted should be carefully considered as leadership styles can also affect employee motivation. Team Working Team working can be beneficial in many circumstances in the workplace. This allows for more ideas to be generated more feedback to be received by the management. Team working also allows for greater coordination of works while allowing individuals to use their strengths in place of other team members weaknesses. Merit Criteria Schools of Management During the late 19th early 20th centuries, management theory was developed was classified as either scientific management or administrative management many of the techniques concepts are still used in modern management.

john adams revolution Essay -- essays papers

john adams revolution John Adams explains how the revolution began when he says, "The Revolution was effected before the war commenced (37-38). The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people, "proving there was a feeling of revolution as soon as people left England to come to the New World" (25). The duel for America created a restlessness among the independent minded Americans. However, mother England saw the necessity of holding her colonies. Eventually, tension is felt between the two sides, resulting in colonial unity and the sovereignty of a new republic. There were many causes and effects of the American Revolution. There were many causes that sparked America's new sense of individuality (p.26). One of the first causes was the increased confidence in military strength, which caused a rise in colonial self-esteem. This increase in self-esteem was a result of the valuable gained from the French and Indian War. The French and Indian War, also shattered the myth of British invincibility, showing the colonials that anything was possible. Another cause of the colonials sense of individuality was that friction between Britain and the colonies rose. American settlers felt that they deserved credit rather than contempt for risking their lives to secure a new world empire, where as the British refused to even recognize any American militia commission about the rank of a captain. Also, British official were further distressed by the reluctance of the colonials to support the common cause wholeheartedly. Also, individuality was a sense in the minds of the colonists the day they set foot on the new continent. Individuality began with the fact that to emigrate was to revel, and those who went to the New World, were in fact rebels because of the distance they put between themselves and Britain. Also, the distance between the New World and Britain, instigated individuality because of the long distance to travel between both places; it left the colonies both physically and spiritually separated from the New World. The colonies knew that distance weakens authority, but great distances weaken authority even more. The American environment also nurtured the feelings of independence because of the unchanging surroundings of England, coming to the New World offered a change of pace for the colonies because they now had their own world to ma... ...nies came together for one common cause and they weren't going to back down" (97). Finally, the revolution and the war tremendously effected America. One of the most significant results of the revolution and war on America was the signing of the Declaration of Independence in which the signers pledged all that they had or believed in to protect their independence. The Declaration of Independence stated what to ideal government was and what to colonies intended on doing to ensure the best possible environment and opportunities for years to come. Another effect of the revolution and war is that the United States borders were extended to Florida and the Mississippi River. As Thomas Jefferson started, by assembling such prestige groups of men, we have learned more and will continue to learn from these men's examples, rather than the examples of armies. In conclusion, the American Revolution did not radically change the entire political or social framework. People went on with their everyday lives, undisturbed by what was gong on. However, the revolution did help America to evolve into an independent nation, which could now live fearlessly knowing that anything was possible.

Disaster Management in Pakistan

On 26th October this year, thirty six trapped Chilean mine workers were rescued by drilling a deep hole into the mine. A month later, twenty nine mine workers in Newzeland died after remaining trapped for days in a mine. Poor disaster management cost precious lives. In Pakistan, too, Disaster management is not up to the mark. Be it the devastating earthquake, the catastrophic floods, the outbreak of fires or the aftermath of bomb blasts, the management was very poor.Certain measures like National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA), and Rescue 1122 were taken but none has borne fruit yet. Lack of funds, scarcity of men and machinery, lack of awareness and preparedness of general public, hard demography, negative role of media, and delocalization of disaster management centers has added to the calamity of disasters. A realistic approach, proper training to workers and public, localization of disaster management centers, public awarenes s programs and positive role of media must be ensured for the proper disaster management in Pakistan.Until now almost every disaster has hit Pakistan but the required response is given to none. The October, 2008 earthquake in Northern areas of Pakistan is a grim reminder of the scale of disaster. Almost eighty thousand people died and many towns devastated. Though, no single government with limited resources can cope with such a calamity, yet our government’s response was much late in the hard hit areas. Timely and efficient response could have saved many lives.The recent floods of July-August have also seen the demonstration of poor disaster management in our country. Though, no country is prepared for such devastating floods, our government’s response could be much better. Instead of helping the people in the affected areas, our government set all their attention in appealing for aids to other countries and arranging conferences for the donor countries. The fire mana gement is also much poor. Few months ago when fire broke out in a female hostel in Rawalpindi, the management did not have the ecessary tools to bring the situation under control. Moreover, the aftermath of bomb blasts also shows that our country is not prepared to cope with the disaster-like situation. One of the main cause of this pathetic situation of our disaster management is that the workers are not properly trained to cope with any disasters. In other countries, proper training is provided to the workers in one field to cope with that particular disaster. Unfortunately in Pakistan, the same workers are hired for every disaster to cope with.Most of our disaster management organizations are not provided with sufficient staff and machinery. The workers are much less as compared to the scale of the disaster. Also, the workers do not have all the necessary equipments to deal a disaster. Moreover, the facilities like fast transport to the disaster point are also lacking. Our uneven demography also plays a big hurdle in efficient disaster management. Sometimes, the areas hit by a disaster are out of reach, thus, badly affecting the rescue activities. Hard demography also adds to the scale of a disaster.Even a minor disaster results into a bigger loss of life and property because of the demography of our country. This was observed in the recent floods whose originating point was the northern areas and brought devastations in other parts of the country. Delocalization of disaster management units is another cause of poor disaster management in Pakistan. All the units are controlled from the federal or provincial capitals which may become a hurdle in dealing with a disaster in time. Unawareness and unpreparedness of the general public is also one of the reason for poor disaster management.Our people do not know how to deal with a disaster when they are caught with. People, sometimes, use methods which may increase the scale of a disaster instead of controlling it . Also, most of the people are unprepared to deal with a sudden disaster which results into many losses. Lack of funds with the disaster management units is also a case of poor dealing with a disaster. The disaster management organizations do not have sufficient funds to buy the machinery necessary to deal with a disaster.In order to deal effectively with any disaster in Pakistan, the government must provide proper training to workers. This is how they can deal with a disaster professionally. Moreover, the government should confer proper funds to disaster management units. All the disaster management units must be delocalized. Disaster management unit in Chitral must not be monitored from Islamabad or Peshawar. A local management body can effectively deal with a local disaster. Public training programs must be initiated so that the general public is aware how to deal with a disaster.The youths must be trained in particular areas of disasters, like fire, flood, so that that can be ca lled whenever such disaster emerges. Moreover, special television programs should be aired to aware the people how to deal with a disaster effectively. Disaster management plays a big role in a country like Pakistan where disasters are most frequent. Though, in the past much attention was not given to disaster management in the country, the government must implement the above mentioned suggestions in latter and spirit to cope well with any disaster in future.

Definition and Examples of Writers Block

Definition and Examples of Writers Block    Writers block is a condition in which a skilled writer with the desire to write finds herself unable to write. The expression writers block was coined and popularized by American psychoanalyst Edmund Bergler in the 1940s.In other ages and cultures, says Alice Flaherty in The Midnight Disease, writers were not thought to be blocked but straightforwardly dried up. One literary critic points out that the concept of writers block is peculiarly American in its optimism that we all have creativity just waiting to be unlocked.See Examples and Observations below. Also see: 12 Quick Tips for Beating Writers BlockWriters on Writing: Overcoming Writers BlockComposing My First College Essay, by Sandy KlemHow to Avoid Writing, by Robert BenchleyHow to Write 2,500 Words Before Breakfast Every DayJohn McPhees Remedy for Writers BlockRobert Pirsig on Overcoming Writers BlockA Trick for Overcoming Writers Block and Getting Into a Writing Frame of MindWriters on Writing: The Myth of Inspiration Examples and Observations You dont know what it is to stay a whole day with your head in your hands trying to squeeze your unfortunate brain so as to find a word.(Gustave Flaubert, 1866)Why is suffering a major criterion for writers block? Because someone who is not writing but not suffering does not have writers block; he or she is merely not writing. Such times may instead be fallow periods for the development of new ideas, periods Keats famously described as delicious diligent indolence.(Alice W. Flaherty, The Midnight Disease: The Drive to Write, Writers Block, and the Creative Brain. Houghton Mifflin, 2004)Although it can be triggered by any number of internal or external stimuli, the vital function that writers block performs during the creative process remains constant: inability to write means that the unconscious self is vetoing the program demanded by the conscious ego.(Victoria Nelson, On Writers Block. Houghton Mifflin, 1993)I think writers block is simply the dread that you are going to write som ething horrible.(Roy Blount, Jr.) William Staffords Remedy for Writers BlockI believe that the so-called writing block is a product of some kind of disproportion between your standards and your performance. . . .Well, I have a formula for this that may just be a gimmicky way of explaining it. Anyway, it goes like this: one should lower his standards until there is no felt threshold to go over in writing. It’s easy to write. You just shouldn’t have standards that inhibit you from writing.(William Stafford, Writing the Australian Crawl. University of Michigan Press, 1978) Eminem on Writers BlockFallin asleep with writers block in the parking lot of McDonalds,But instead of feeling sorry for yourself do something about it.Admit you got a problem, your brain is clouded, you pouted long enough.(Eminem, Talkin 2 Myself. Recovery, 2010) Stephen King on Writers Block- There may be a stretch of weeks or months when it doesnt come at all; this is called writers block. Some writers in the throes of writers block think their muses have died, but I dont think that happens often; I think what happens is that the writers themselves sow the edges of their clearing with poison bait to keep their muses away, often without knowing they are doing it. This may explain the extraordinarily long pause between Joseph Hellers classic novel Catch-22 and the follow-up, years later. That was called Something Happened. I always thought that what happened was Mr. Heller finally cleared away the muse repellent around his particular clearing in the woods.(Stephen King, The Writing Life. The Washington Post, October 1, 2006)- [M]y son, fed up with hearing me complain and whine about my illness, gave me a present for Christmas, Stephen King’s On Writing. . . . The simple theme of this remarkable book is if you really want to write, then shut yourself in a room, close the door, and WRITE. If you don’t want to write, do something else.(Mary Garden, Writers Block. Absolute Write, 2007) The Trick[Y]ou dont want to face the blank page. Youll do anything to avoid writing. Youll go clean your toilet before you write. So I finally figured it out. Ive done the most writing this year because of a trick Ive figured out. . . . The trick is you gotta find something worse than writing. [Laughing] Thats it. Thats the trick.(Robert Rodriguez, quoted by Charles Ramirez Berg in The Mariachi Aesthetic Goes to Hollywood. Robert Rodriguez: Interviews, ed. by Zachary Ingle. University Press of Mississippi, 2012) The Lighter Side of Writers Block[Writing is] brutal, slogging work, comparable to coal mining, but harder. You never hear coal miners complaining about Coal Miners Block, wherein, try as they might, they simply cant bring themselves to mine another piece of coal. Whereas this kind of tragedy befalls novelists all the time, which is why so many of them are forced to quit working altogether and become university professors.(Dave Barry, Ill Mature When Im Dead. Berkley, 2010)

world civ essays

world civ essays Enlightenment Attitudes Towards Religion Enlightenment Attitudes Towards Religion Scientific and philosophical innovations during the 18th century brought about a new breed of thinkers. Their driving forces of rational and reason shifted the religious temperament of the elite from enthusiasts to intellectuals. They argued that there was no divine standard of morality, no afterlife to divert humanity from worldly concerns (The Western Experience, pg. 657). They were radicals who sought to displace the authority of religion. Driven by reason, enlightenment thinkers naturally opposed superstition and attempted to replace religious mysticism with philosophical standards and scientific formulations. Their shift of focus highlighted reverence for the Creator and moral teachings of the Bible. By eliminating superstition they hoped to bolster the Christian religion (The Western Experience, pg. 660). Two philosophies of the new enlightened view of religion were toleration and deism, both of which sustained the faith of the educated elite. However, these philosophies displaced the authority of religion in society (The Western Experience, pg. 660). Never again would the teachings of Christianity be so readily accepted. French critic Pierre Bayle put forth the concept of religious tolerance in his Critical and Historical Dictionary. Typical of an enlightenment thinker, Bayle put the claims of religion to the test of critical reason. He concluded that many of Christianitys sacred traditions were myth and its history nothing more than fantasy and persecution. He also professed that importance lay in an individuals morality and not their creed (The Western Experience, pg. 660). Dennis Diderot echoes this sentiment in his encyclopedic definition of the term irreligious stating that morality is the universal law that the finger of God has engraved on all our hearts, and that con ...

2 page-paper brief for a case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2 page-paper brief for a case - Essay Example SDI defendants aggressively marketed a test for diagnosing a common sleep disorder. According to an affidavit sworn by IRS Special Agent Julie Raftery, they at times billed twice for their services and made reward payments to doctors who participated in their tests. The US government claims that SDI employees who were in participating physicians’ offices would persuade patients to take part in a sleep study. As the cardiac diagnostic companies doing business with SDI would claim to complete a report of the results of the sleep studies, SDI staff would put fake stamps bearing the signatures of physicians reports. SDI would then recommend that a patient should take part in further studies, in which the patient’s health insurer would pay for them. The affidavit revealed cases of suspected tax fraud. At the end of a 2 year investigation led by the Internal Revenue Service with the active participation of 4 other federal and state agencies, investigators concluded that SDI F uture Health, Inc. had committed Medicare fraud. Based on the results gotten from the investigation, IRS Special Agent Julie Raftery sought for a warrant to search SDIs premises on January 28, 2002. The warrant was based on an affidavit which had information collected from 3 former employees and 2 associates of SDI.  Whether the warrant incorporated Special Agent Rafterys affidavit can be evaluated to check if it meets [the Fourth Amendments] requirements. If incorporated, then the affidavit should be evaluated to see if it satisfies deficiencies in the warrant. The SDI defendants also purportedly forced patients to make visits to SDI clinics, and told them that their assigned doctors had asked them to participate in the sleep studies. The US government states that Kaplan and Brunk lack a base to challenge the search and collection of materials from SDI’s premises. According to the government, a corporate defendant has standing with respect to searches of corporate property and

Russias Foreign Policy towards Georgia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Russias Foreign Policy towards Georgia - Essay Example If we should choose just one word that would most accurately describe Russian foreign policy, it would definetely be the word "pragmatic". In April 2005 while visiting Israel, Putin was asked if Russia is attempting to regain its status of global superpower, as it was as Soviet union during the Cold war era. Putin answered in a quite evasive manner, that the expenses required by such ambition would most certainly exceed the possible benefits from acquiring such position on the world scene, and he added that Russia already is a "great country" with important influence on the countries of the North and South hemisphere. The aspiration of becoming superpower again is not even explicitly declared in the basic foreign policy document we have already mentioned. Not only does it recede from such foreign aspirations, it also lacks the term "superpower" in its provisions, as this is not being used at all. In particular, it states almost the opposite that Russia attempts to become part of the multipolar system of international relations that truly reflects the diversity of modern world and the multiplicity of interest within its policies and needs (Arbatov 311). Still, it is evident that what is Russia really trying the achieve is the status of world superpower, different from the type of superpower Soviet union once was and achieved by different means. Soviet union was the superpower based on ideological antagonism to its Cold war rival the USA, or the West in general. On the contrary, modern Russian federation is certainly not interested in polarizing the world ideologically. Putins answer he provided during his Israel visit referred to the fact, that the role of superpower in effect paradoxically contributed to the fall of Soviet empire, which had global political influence, but paid a great price for only a little political or military gains, with no allies worth and efficiently strong. Russia chose a different way of declaring such ambitions that have always been an integral and essential part of its foreign policy. The foreign policy objective currently manifested by Russia, especially after events in Georgia in summer of 2008, is to resist the hegemony of the West, especially USA and EU, and the way they use, or even abuse, their post-Cold war power in the international political system and relations. The key instrument for the erosion the the Western hegemony (as Russia understands the situation in international relations) is not the composition of a solid "pact" of the states uncompromisingly opposing the West, but rather some coalition of states based on the pragmatic and nonideological relations, primarily on economic and military ties (Bobo Lo 163). This is undoubtedly the main reason why Russia preserves a very good relations with "potential superpowers" such as China, India and Brasil. Simultaneously, Russia is building a close ties

Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Economic - Essay Example The solid boost in quantities sold jointly with an upsurge in iron ore prices forced sales values to a new record of $11.3 billion which is up by 83% as against the past year’s level. Pricing in the Iron ore market For the past 40 years, the prices of iron ore have been determined in private discussions among the small fistful of mineworkers and steelworkers which reign both spot and contract markets. By tradition, the first contract attained amongst these two groups places a yardstick to be adopted by the remainder of the industry.2 This yardstick scheme of pricing iron ore has on the other hand in current years started to collapse, with contributors along both demand and supply chains bidding for a change to short time pricing. Since most of the other commodities were already following a matured market based pricing system, it is likely for iron ore to go behind. Even though exchange-authorized iron ore exchange contracts have grew during the past few years, so far no switch over has instituted a good futures market for the mostly seaborne $88 billion a year iron ore trade (Financial Times, 2009). The need for change in the country The need for change in the country will be due to the following factors: i Economic growth in the long-run for Western Australia’s economic growth will carry on to be well-built for the next 20-30 years. ii The demand for labour under such circumstances will persist to develop more quickly than the ability of the state to supply. This demand will have to be met by the government from the states’ natural population or from the present migration plans. iii It is estimated that a whopping additional 224,000 workers will be needed by 2016 in Western Australia. iv This will result in demand for training people, housing requirements will be more, and there will be the need for drastic growth in infrastructure as well. The demand for production with reference to Isoquant and Isocosts curve theory The principle of subs titution discloses a basic theory of neoclassical location theory. Without a doubt, it may be debated that in a neoclassic site, the position of factories is a practice in changeover as 'trade-offs' are made amongst the different location elements. Thus procurement and allocation costs are interchanged for one another; for instance if a site is near the market then its procurement costs substitute for distribution costs. At the same time if a factory is situated near the sources of raw material substitutes, distribution costs for procurement costs. If a cheap labour location has to be considered then the factory needs to compare the impact of lesser labour costs for high transportation costs or vice versa that is lower transportation costs for higher labour costs. The theory is that in reality firms are boosted to scatter production to low wage areas to make precisely this form of permutation as productions grow. As the production matures, neither the low wage region or the 'least t ransport cost will provide a solution (Hayter, 2004). Figure showing all possible combinations of optimal input for a given output Source: Hayter, 2004 The above graph illustrates the production theory. In this specific theoretical position, an isoquant

Interview vs interrogation techniques Essay Example for Free

Interview vs interrogation techniques Essay While this may be an interrogation, the problem in this scenario is that it works under the assumption that Jacob is already guilty of the offense committed. It is the constitutional right of every person to be presumed innocent until proven guilty even if the person is caught in the act of committing a crime. By confronting the suspect or culprit, the police will not be able to elicit the information that is required. The questions that are being propounded by the police investigator do not allow Jacob the chance to answer the real questions which tend to deal with his commission of the offense. Being bombarded with such probing questions, in this case, the stacking questions will only serve to confuse Jacob and cause him to be defensive, thus nullifying any chance that the police will actually be able to get a confession from him. This is also an example of a loaded question which also serves to confuse Jacob. If I were the detective, I would ask open ended questions first to make the suspect feel at ease and allow him to answer the questions then ask closed ended questions that would help narrow down his interrogation to more specific items. This method works best in these situations because it adds a structure and a flow to the questioning and it leads to a desired outcome. Unlike the example in this scenario where there is no clear purpose as to the questioning. The detective should first determine the exact information that he wants to elicit from the suspect. Irrelevant questions such as the reaction of the parents should be avoided by the detective. The issue of motive should be approached differently instead of asking why the suspect committed a stupid act, the detective should instead take a neutral stance first and ask the suspect what exactly happened from his point of view then introduce evidence that may rebut his testimony to attempt to steer the suspect into telling the truth or even confessing.

Sainsburys Company Analysis

Sainsburys Company Analysis The food retailing Industry is a huge and fast growing industry in UK .It is a complex and diverse market dominated by various big companies such as Tesco, ASDA, J Sainsburys. Price and quality of goods are the two key elements which the companies keep in mind to increase their sales and defend their position in this competitive market. In the year 2009, food retailing recorded sales figures of GBP 297,478.9 million, along with providing employment to 11.6% of the workforce in UK (Euro monitor). It is forecasted, by the year 2014 the sales would cross GBP 350,000 million. (Euro monitor) This assignment focuses on the third largest food retailer store in UK, i.e. J Sainsbury. Sainsbury is a super market which will operates its business in retail sector from the year 1869. Sainsbury is started by James and Mary Ann Sainsburys. Sainsbury today operates a total of 827 stores comprising 537 supermarkets and 335 convenience stores(J Sainsbury 2010) .With their presence in various other markets such as financial services and Property management, grocery retailing remains their core business. In an industry which employs over 3,335,000 people and with sales figure of GBP 137,590 million (Euro Monitor), Sainsbury enjoys a market share of 16% and serving 19 million customers weekly with a product offering of 30,000. (J Sainsbury 2010) QUESTION-1 Using suitable models identify the customer perceived value for the customers for a product/division/company of your choice. ANSWER- PART 1 Customer value Difference between what a  customers  gets from a  product, and what he or she has to give in  order  to get it. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/customer-value.html#ixzz16OyFiRFr Customer value proposition A  business  or marketing statement that summarizes why a consumer should  buy a product or use a service. This statement should convince a potential consumer that  one particular  product or service will add more  value or better solve a problem than other similar offerings. http://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/valueproposition.asp Types of CVP 1. All Benefits- benefits that an organization brings to its target customers. It tends to suffer from a lack of credibility when the value proposition is not distinguished from competitors or focused precisely on the unique needs of the customer. 2. Favourable Points of Differentiation- it mainly emphasizes the key differences between a firms offerings and those of competitors at the customer interface. It takes into account the notion that the buyer has substitutes. Like the all benefits value proposition it lacks specificity relative to the buyer. 3. Resonating Focus- Resonating focus highlights one or two critical differences between the firms offerings and those of competitors with the forethought that these differences represent those areas that are most vital in the mind of the customer. While most effective, this value proposition takes considerable time to develop as it is strongly rooted in a deep understanding of customer needs. http://www.edbarrows.com/Resources/briefs/valueProposition.pdf IMPORTANCE OF CUSTOMER VALUE   A good customer value proposition is a technique why a customer should buy a product and also distinguish your product from competitors. Gaining a customers attention will help in growing sales faster and more profitable, as well as increasing its market share. Understanding customer needs is important because it helps promote the product. A brand is the perception of a product or service that is designed to stay in the minds of targeted consumers. It is desirable to build a strong and positive brand association with your offering. Three key dimensions: Extrinsic vs. intrinsic value Self-orientated vs. other-orientated value Active vs. reactive value PART 2 VALUE PROPOSITION FOR SAINSBURY Sainsbury maintain high quality of its services by keeping up high quality product at a fair price, through well-kept rooms with an attractive appearance to fast service and a friendly staff. Sainsbury ensures that all suppliers have been evaluated by Quality Attribute System (QAS) in order to provide quality product to the customer. It has different prices which are suited to different kinds of customer. Through the execution of high quality product Sainsbury has high price. However to adjust to the needs of less wealthy clients it also offers a wide selection of basic product at a low price. Sainsbury speed is moderately-high. Sainsbury team is trying to reduce queues through recent introduction of basket tills, self-checkouts as well as introduction of newest scan and pack system. Sainsbury also offers home delivery which can be obtained the very next day. Dependability is keeping a word to customers. Sainsbury provides customers quality product at a fair prices, fulfilling custom er expectation for fresh, safe, healthy and tasty food. Sainsbury respects environment by using environmentally friendly packaging. Queuing time is reasonable and deliveries are on time. Online Shopping at Sainsburys is also a great advantage. All the above provide a  high level of dependability  and are the reason why the Sainsburys brand remains on the market for 141 years, and this makes the Sainsbury differs from its competitors. Sainsbury started a new range taste the difference that aims to provide consumers desire to treat themselves at home, rather than spending money in buying expensive takeaways or eating outside. Sainsburys continuously investing in their clothing and home decor items to accelerate the growth in non-food sector so that they can reach to more customers so as to increase its market share and sales. (Euro monitor) Sainsburys continued launching innovate products, 1% fat milk was launched which was consumed by 2.5 million households due to which its sales for basics were up by 60%. (Euro monitor) QUESTION 2 Critically evaluating value proposition of Sainsburys VALUE PROPOSITION Sainsbury supermarkets follow the mission of being the customers first choice by its service and quality. Through the method of working simpler, together and faster it delivers an outstanding good service and quality. Sainsbury accelerating its growth in non-food sector so as to reach more customers. Online facility provides its customers to shop online for non-food items also. The company has a solid brand value although discriminating competitive advantage is clearly missing. It is difficult to slot them in a particular category from a customer point of view. The company is not able to create a good market which will make them distinguish from other supermarkets with concerns to price, quality, customer service and access to variety or inventory. Sainsburys was critised by the city for allowing Tesco in getting ahead in the market in terms of customer service, loyalty and price competitiveness. Sainsburys was also criminated for not promoting itself up to its standards and also running the same type of initiatives which was running by Tesco. So the Sainsbury has failed to promote its products and services. In the process to reconstruct its mission, company has changed its marketing strategy and sold successfully the home based products in the chain of UK market and its business in Egypt. This changes the company to focus on food retailing and related activities. Sainsbury maintains 100% service level as the online business is growing rapidly. Even so, there are some issue that need to be developed for example; delivering orders in full and on time. The online business is developing at a rapid speed gaining growth in overall market. During hectic periods picking large orders from stores could become an issue. (http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/analystreports/corporate/ovum-sainsbury-cs-170835.pdf) MARKETING MIX The marketing mix used by Sainsbury to gain its competitive advantage in its retailing sector -. Product Sainsburys mainly focused in developing new product and its food quality which will be healthier to the customers. It provides more than 350 variety range of foods product which is produced to protect its natural flavour and taste of the product. Currently it has achieved to developed more than 600 organic lines to provide best range of food and major growth in groceries, bakery, and frozen foods. It has also launched a product called Blue carrot Calf known for the clear labelling of kid products which mention clear details of the products. The Sainsburys continuously concentrating on development of its product by launching a new programme every year. Price Price is the important component of the marketing mix for Sainsburys. Now a day Sainsburys is presenting its customers in UK the value for money. A lot of investment is made in improving quality and productivity in order to reduce the overall cost. For the customers in UK Sainsbury is offering, exceptional value for the money and the aim of the company is to lead the quality and become the favoured in term for the customers all through the market. If the price is cut it is not easy to get back again to the previous level without dissatisfying the customer. This is not decent for the business. Hence in short term price gain the store will be less affected where as in long term it would gain less positive. Sainsbury implemented a new strategy value for money after realising its price war in the market. A lot of investment is made in improving quality and productivity what it provides and efficiency of its activity in order to reduce the overall cost. The purpose of implementing a new s trategy is to achieve trust and value from the customer and continue its leadership. Promotion -   Sainsbury gain to build up its solid brand image among the customers through various promotions. It mainly focuses on its own brand rather than the promoting other brands which they sell in the stores to form the greater wealth by its overall retail brand. Sainsbury uses different media for its promotion whereas TV, radio and advertising in cinemas to grow the company image. Sales promotions, merchandising and packing are also the key element for the promotion of the Sainsbury. Sainsbury launched Nectar Card as a main weapon for its promotion. This card is free for customers and gives discount points if customer used it in store at the time of shopping. Many other retailers are also using same type of promotions by issuing the card to customers and giving them free points for their money as these free points can be used automatically for discounts. Sainsbury store staff wears named T-shirt of the supermarket to defer as a worker to serve people. Place As per the Sainsbury it has 872 stores across UK whereas 837 super markets and 335 convenience stores. Various set up of stores are established across the country according to the needs and satisfaction of the customers and area. Sum stores are opened 24 hours a day for the satisfaction of the customers. Sainsbury is making large chain stores in different locations to create a world class distribution of groceries and work more effectively. Sainsburys uses marketing mix to improve and implement its plans by using market mix. It fulfils the needs of customers by improving its strategies which will satisfy customer. Sainsburys study on the market to the customer needs who will buy the products. It continues to implement the market division to progress its business strategies which shows the progress of a business. To increase its overall sales Sainsburys uses the market segmentation to display various varieties of products and sells it to different group of people. It offers a large number of products in a supermarket or convenience store and opens the store for long hours. It also offers easy cash option through debit or credit card and cash back facility to customers on their purchases. http://katamaneni12.blogspot.com/2010/09/macro-environment-and-marketing-mix.html Competitor Analysis TESCO- Competitor Company Profile Tesco is started by Jack Cohen in 1919. Tesco is biggest food retailer in the world, having 2318 stores and giving employment to more than 470000 people who serve millions of customer around the world. Tesco has a largest market in UK, where it operates under signs of Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. Tesco offers more than 40000 products to customers including clothing and other non-food lines. Tesco vs. Sainsburys TESCO MISSION TESCO is to provide superior technical representation and to add value to a focused group of leading-edge, corporations by offering synergistic, valuable and highly innovate solutions for our customer design, procurement and manufacturing needs with continuous improvement of our quality, service and productivity to a completive advantage. TESCO VISSION What sets TESCO apart from other distributors is our commitment to customers success, by bringing an in-depth knowledge of their technology and the value added services needed to truly support the customer. The result is cost-efficient, rapidly delivered technical superior products that the customers take pride in. (http://www.tescoinc.co.kr/tesco/ecompany1.php) MISSION STATEMENT Sainsburys mission statement Our mission is to be the consumers first choice for food, delivering products of outstanding quality and great service at a competitive cost through working faster, simpler and together. Source: Sainsbury Web site Sainsburys companys vision for growth Sainsbury plcs present focus is to improve the performance of the core UK supermarket chain. Whilst doing so we will continue to explore and develop growth opportunities in other markets. Through implementing Managing for Value we will stretch our ambitions and challenge the conventional wisdom within the Company, thereby unlocking our potential and delivering value. Source: Sainsbury Web site DIFFERENCE STRATEGIES SAINSBURY STRATEGY: Sainsbury aims to provide quality products and good service at a competitive price through working faster, simpler, together and aimed to be the consumer first choice for food. Through a balance in sales growth, reduction cost and on-going margin improvements, Sainsbury look forward to progress growth. The company is dedicated to achieving industry leading margins within a dynamic, competitive market and to delivering strong double digit necessary profit growth in each year of its business programme. TESCO STRATEGY: Tesco has made a good progress with its strategy which consists of five elements reflecting its four established areas of motivation and Tescos long term promises on environment and community. The ideas of the strategy are: To be a successful international retailer To develop the core UK business To be as strong in non-food as in food. To develop retailing services such as Tesco Personal Finance, Telecoms and Tesco.com To put community at the heart of what we do. The market share of Tesco is 31.6% in the retail market and they also capture 50% of the grocery market share while Sainsbury has 16% and 22% of the market share respectively. Tesco sells massive products range and buy in big volume and sell it in cheap while Sainsbury buys product that are popular and their own branded product. 1/3 of the retail market is acquired by Tesco but Sainsbury is enabling to have this power. Tesco achieved its success by selling varieties of products; it is located within UK as well as overseas, they target every people. With this strategy Sainsburys have a difficult to keep up with Tesco. Sainsburys generally attract the middle class people with low class prices whereas Tesco attract all kind of people from all classes. Sainsburys is more concerned about the quality of the food they provide their customers while Tesco is concerned about reducing prices to attract their customers. Tescos main advertising approach is money saving Every little help and Sainsburys Taste the difference however during the crisis time they are one of the same. Sainsburys slip its second position in 2008, losing to Asda. Leader Tesco enlarged its market share in the year, moving ahead of Sainsburys. Sainsburys has less variety of non-food items as compared to Tesco. At the end of the evaluation period, non-food items were the reason for growth for the major supermarkets. ( http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/analystreports/corporate/ovum-sainsbury-cs-170835.pdf) MANAGEMENT Sainsbury CEO Justin king has done a great job in strengthening the brand, improved turnover at a rate of 5.5% a year and profit increases by 6.7%. king main focus was on UK store expansion rather than overseas and total number of store has been increased from 583 in 2004 to 827 today. Tesco CEO Sir Terry Leahy has different approach as compare to Sainsburys CEO Justin King. In his fourteen year term he has heavily invested in overseas expansion. In 1999, within UK Tesco generated 90% of its turnover and now its less than 70%. GROWTH POTENTIAL Tesco has its setups in 14 countries but that doesnt mean Sainsburys lack growth opportunities. Sainsburys results in past years in the proof of this and continuing achieving high growth rate without international expansions. To exist in this competitive market Sainsburys has done well by opening new stores across UK, adding new non-food products and banking services to existing stores. Tesco on the other hand, have more growth opportunities in Asia and other countries. Tesco is a big player than Sainsburys, for example: if we compare past twelve months results Tesco has  £56.9 billion turnover versus Sainsburys  £19.9 billion. (http://www.fool.co.uk/news/investing/company-comment/2010/07/16/a-foolish-fracas-sainsbury-vs-tesco.aspx) CUSTOMER OUTCOME AND EXPECTATION Brand image and relationship building in a business to company market depends on how well company satisfies its customers. Sainsbury keep high quality of its services by providing high quality products to customers at a fair price. It has different prices which are suited to different kinds of customer. It provide basic product at low price to customer with low income. Sainsbury want to make it easier for customer to shop ethically and sustainably so they making every effort to live up to their expectations. Therefore from the above model, which explains between the company service and quality Sainsbury can be placed into high quality as well as service offered by the company and received by customers. Question 3 http://www.universityessays.com/example-essays/global-markets-sainsburys.php Mission statement serves a dual purpose by helping employees to remain dedicated on jobs as well as boosting them to find innovative ways of achieving company objectives so that productivity can be increased. It is common that large companies spend years and millions of dollars developing and refining their mission statement. NEW MISSION STATEMENT OF SAINSBURYS To become the UK best retailer company and earn customer lifetime reliability. NEW VISSION STATEMENT OF SAINSBURYS NEW VALUE PROPOSITION Source: Barnes, C. et. al., 2009 Creating and Delivering your value proposition p 31 Market: Sainsbury already caters to the middle class customers by providing products at affordable prices, but since Sainsbury maintains high quality amongst its products, the cost somewhat becomes high (in a comparative sense to its competitors). Sainsbury needs to provide these products at a more reasonable price to cater to the working class as well and thereby expand its existing customer base. Value experience: Benefits should include high quality at reasonable price. To reduce the travel costs Sainsbury needs to focus on locations of its stores so that they are effortlessly within the reach of its customers. Online sales should also be made easy. Complaints should be minimised by providing a good after sales service and monitoring customer feedback. Offerings: Place should include a focus on central locations. Product should include highest possible quality at affordable prices, new and innovative products could also be introduced to increase sales. Since the financial downturn of 2008 had drastic effects on the economy, consumers are trying to save as much as possible hence Sainsbury needs to keep the prices of its products as low as possible. Promotion should involve promotion of sales through discount vouchers or limited offers (e.g. buy 2 get 1 free) and continuous advertising through all available media types. Benefits: products need to be provided at the lowest possible price maintaining high quality. Constant customer feedback should be facilitated in order to keep track of its customers satisfaction. Alternatives and differentiation: Since Sainsbury focuses on quality more than the price of its products. The quality of Sainsburys products is higher than most of its competitors, but this phenomenon is not the same when it comes to price. Sainsbury needs to balance between its price and quality since its competitors such as Tesco are providing products at a lower price that is offered by Sainsbury. Proof: IMPLEMENTATION PLAN By using Ansoff Matrix tool for strategic marketing planning help to improve the position of J. Sainsbury. It accelerate to do best strategic direction depending upon the need/desire to penetrate existing or new markets with existing or new products. (http://www.emp.ac.uk/linspdfs/marketi2.pdf) If Sainsbury need to reconstruct their values, strengths and beliefs they need to split up their position in the existing market. They facing extreme competition in the real market they must modernize and create in new markets with their present product offering. Partnership is a necessity in the domestic market since this is the basis of the business and its primary values. It will help the Sainsbury to rebuild its image and the connection with existing customer by confirming them the best quality, best product offers at competitive pricing. Sainsburys need to improve in its Information Technology system so that information can be processed faster and stocks can be reloaded at a faster pace. The shelfs are always stocked well and the customers keep getting informed about the available varieties. All these hard work make the shopping experience enjoyable and satisfying for the customers. As the world faced recession almost globally, Sainsbury should avoid price related conflicts and must follow specific price strategy. Since customer will not be willing to pay high prices even for the best quality products hence low pricing should be planned for the quality product. Identify problems and in time solving them as quickly as possible so that they build strong communication at every step of the channel. To introduce some products this will give a comparative advantage over their rivals. Sainsbury should open local stores in the city rather than on the outskirts of the city. Customer generally chooses to purchase in local shop rather than supermarkets to save time and money. Introduction of pay point or post office to the store would be a good idea to attract customers. The customer immediately after purchase can pay their bills without wasting time to reach these places elsewhere in the city. Sainsburys need to increase its online shopping service in non-food items, so that customer can shop online more comfortably. I would recommend Sainsburys to deliver every little helps to make it a healthier place for shop. Use simple processes so that shopping is better for customers, simpler for staff and cheaper for Sainsburys.